PSA Testing Alone Can Miss Prostate Cancer Risks

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, and early detection is critical. The PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test is often the first step in the screening process. But while PSA testing has helped detect cancer in many patients, it also has significant limitations—and relying on it alone can be misleading.

Here’s what you need to know.

What Is a PSA Test?

The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen, a protein produced by the prostate gland, in your blood. Elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer—but can also result from non-cancerous conditions such as:

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
• Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate)
• Recent ejaculation or prostate manipulation (e.g., during a digital rectal exam)

Because of this, PSA results are not a definitive diagnosis.

Why PSA Testing Isn’t Always Enough

1. False Positives and Unnecessary Procedures

An elevated PSA level doesn’t always mean cancer is present. This can lead to unnecessary biopsies, which carry their own risks—such as infection, bleeding, or complications from anesthesia.

2. False Negatives

Some men with prostate cancer have normal PSA levels. This means the cancer could go undetected and progress before symptoms appear.

3. Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment

PSA testing often detects slow-growing tumors that may never cause symptoms or affect lifespan. Still, many men choose to undergo surgery or radiation, which can cause side effects like urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction—even when treatment may not have been necessary.

Better Screening Starts with a Personalized Approach

PSA testing can be a helpful first step, but it’s only part of the picture. That’s why many providers—including those at Gregory Rhodes MD Cancer Center—recommend combining PSA tests with:

• Digital Rectal Exams (DRE)
• MRI imaging
• Prostate biopsies when warranted
• Genetic and biomarker testing (in select cases)

These tools help provide a more accurate diagnosis and reduce the chances of unnecessary treatment.

Talk to Your Doctor About the Right Screening Plan

Not all men face the same risk of prostate cancer. You may need more frequent screening if you:

• Are over 50
• Are African American
• Have a family history of prostate or breast cancer
• Have other risk factors

Ready to Take Control of Your Health?

At Gregory Rhodes MD Cancer Center, we believe in informed decisions and personalized care. If you're due for screening—or want a second opinion on your PSA results—our urology and oncology teams are here to help.

Call us at (925) 433-8786 or visit Gregory Rhodes MD Cancer Center to schedule your consultation.